#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#***************************************************************************
#                                  _   _ ____  _
#  Project                     ___| | | |  _ \| |
#                             / __| | | | |_) | |
#                            | (__| |_| |  _ <| |___
#                             \___|\___/|_| \_\_____|
#
# Copyright (C) Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
#
# This software is licensed as described in the file COPYING, which
# you should have received as part of this distribution. The terms
# are also available at https://curl.se/docs/copyright.html.
#
# You may opt to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, under the terms of the COPYING file.
#
# This software is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
# KIND, either express or implied.
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
#
###########################################################################
#
import json
import logging
import os
import re
import shutil
import subprocess
import sys
import time
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
from functools import cmp_to_key
from statistics import fmean, mean
from threading import Thread
from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Union
from urllib.parse import urlparse

import psutil

from .env import Env

log = logging.getLogger(__name__)


class RunProfile:

    STAT_KEYS = ['cpu', 'rss', 'vsz']

    @classmethod
    def AverageStats(cls, profiles: List['RunProfile']):
        avg = {}
        stats = [p.stats for p in profiles]
        for key in cls.STAT_KEYS:
            vals = [s[key] for s in stats]
            avg[key] = mean(vals) if len(vals) else 0.0
        return avg

    def __init__(self, pid: int, started_at: datetime, run_dir):
        self._pid = pid
        self._started_at = started_at
        self._duration = timedelta(seconds=0)
        self._run_dir = run_dir
        self._samples = []
        self._psu = None
        self._stats = None

    @property
    def duration(self) -> timedelta:
        return self._duration

    @property
    def stats(self) -> Optional[Dict[str,Any]]:
        return self._stats

    def sample(self):
        elapsed = datetime.now() - self._started_at
        try:
            if self._psu is None:
                self._psu = psutil.Process(pid=self._pid)
            mem = self._psu.memory_info()
            self._samples.append({
                'time': elapsed,
                'cpu': self._psu.cpu_percent(),
                'vsz': mem.vms,
                'rss': mem.rss,
            })
        except psutil.NoSuchProcess:
            # process may exit between sampling ticks: ignore this
            pass

    def finish(self):
        self._duration = datetime.now() - self._started_at
        if len(self._samples) > 0:
            weights = [s['time'].total_seconds() for s in self._samples]
            self._stats = {}
            for key in self.STAT_KEYS:
                self._stats[key] = fmean([s[key] for s in self._samples], weights)
        else:
            self._stats = None
        self._psu = None

    def __repr__(self):
        return f'RunProfile[pid={self._pid}, '\
               f'duration={self.duration.total_seconds():.3f}s, '\
               f'stats={self.stats}]'


class PerfProfile:

    def __init__(self, pid: int, run_dir):
        self._pid = pid
        self._run_dir = run_dir
        self._proc = None
        self._rc = 0
        self._file = os.path.join(self._run_dir, 'curl.perf_stacks')

    def start(self):
        if os.path.exists(self._file):
            os.remove(self._file)
        args = [
            'sudo', 'perf', 'record', '-F', '99', '-p', f'{self._pid}',
            '-g', '--', 'sleep', '60'
        ]
        self._proc = subprocess.Popen(args, text=True, cwd=self._run_dir, shell=False)
        assert self._proc

    def finish(self):
        if self._proc:
            self._proc.terminate()
            self._rc = self._proc.returncode
        with open(self._file, 'w') as cout:
            p = subprocess.run([
                'sudo', 'perf', 'script'
            ], stdout=cout, cwd=self._run_dir, shell=False)
            rc = p.returncode
            if rc != 0:
                raise Exception(f'perf returned error {rc}')

    @property
    def file(self):
        return self._file


class DTraceProfile:

    def __init__(self, pid: int, run_dir):
        self._pid = pid
        self._run_dir = run_dir
        self._proc = None
        self._rc = 0
        self._file = os.path.join(self._run_dir, 'curl.dtrace_stacks')

    def start(self):
        if os.path.exists(self._file):
            os.remove(self._file)
        args = [
            'sudo', 'dtrace',
            '-x', 'ustackframes=100',
            '-n', f'profile-97 /pid == {self._pid}/ {{ @[ustack()] = count(); }} tick-60s {{ exit(0); }}',
            '-o', f'{self._file}'
        ]
        if sys.platform.startswith('darwin'):
            # macOS seems to like this for producing symbols in user stacks
            args.extend(['-p', f'{self._pid}'])
        self._proc = subprocess.Popen(args, text=True, cwd=self._run_dir, shell=False)
        assert self._proc

    def finish(self):
        if self._proc:
            self._proc.terminate()
            self._rc = self._proc.returncode

    @property
    def file(self):
        return self._file


class RunTcpDump:

    def __init__(self, env, run_dir):
        self._env = env
        self._run_dir = run_dir
        self._proc = None
        self._stdoutfile = os.path.join(self._run_dir, 'tcpdump.out')
        self._stderrfile = os.path.join(self._run_dir, 'tcpdump.err')

    def get_rsts(self, ports: Optional[List[int]] = None) -> Optional[List[str]]:
        if self._proc:
            raise Exception('tcpdump still running')
        lines = []
        with open(self._stdoutfile) as fd:
            for line in fd:
                m = re.match(r'.* IP 127\.0\.0\.1\.(\d+) [<>] 127\.0\.0\.1\.(\d+):.*', line)
                if m:
                    sport = int(m.group(1))
                    dport = int(m.group(2))
                    if ports is None or sport in ports or dport in ports:
                        lines.append(line)
        return lines

    @property
    def stats(self) -> Optional[List[str]]:
        return self.get_rsts()

    @property
    def stderr(self) -> List[str]:
        if self._proc:
            raise Exception('tcpdump still running')
        with open(self._stderrfile) as fd:
            return fd.readlines()

    def sample(self):
        # not sure how to make that detection reliable for all platforms
        local_if = 'lo0' if sys.platform.startswith('darwin') else 'lo'
        try:
            tcpdump = self._env.tcpdump()
            if tcpdump is None:
                raise Exception('tcpdump not available')
            # look with tcpdump for TCP RST packets which indicate
            # we did not shut down connections cleanly
            args = []
            # at least on Linux, we need root permissions to run tcpdump
            if sys.platform.startswith('linux'):
                args.append('sudo')
            args.extend([
                tcpdump, '-i', local_if, '-n', 'tcp[tcpflags] & (tcp-rst)!=0'
            ])
            with open(self._stdoutfile, 'w') as cout, open(self._stderrfile, 'w') as cerr:
                self._proc = subprocess.Popen(args, stdout=cout, stderr=cerr,
                                              text=True, cwd=self._run_dir,
                                              shell=False)
                assert self._proc
                assert self._proc.returncode is None
                while self._proc:
                    try:
                        self._proc.wait(timeout=1)
                    except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
                        # timeout means tcpdump is still running
                        pass
        except Exception:
            log.exception('Tcpdump')

    def start(self):
        def do_sample():
            self.sample()
        t = Thread(target=do_sample)
        t.start()

    def finish(self):
        if self._proc:
            time.sleep(1)
            self._proc.terminate()
            self._proc = None


class ExecResult:

    def __init__(self, args: List[str], exit_code: int,
                 stdout: List[str], stderr: List[str],
                 duration: Optional[timedelta] = None,
                 with_stats: bool = False,
                 exception: Optional[str] = None,
                 profile: Optional[RunProfile] = None,
                 tcpdump: Optional[RunTcpDump] = None):
        self._args = args
        self._exit_code = exit_code
        self._exception = exception
        self._stdout = stdout
        self._stderr = stderr
        self._profile = profile
        self._tcpdump = tcpdump
        self._duration = duration if duration is not None else timedelta()
        self._response = None
        self._responses = []
        self._results = {}
        self._assets = []
        self._stats = []
        self._json_out = None
        self._with_stats = with_stats
        if with_stats:
            self._parse_stats()
        else:
            try:
                out = ''.join(self._stdout)
                self._json_out = json.loads(out)
            except (json.JSONDecodeError, TypeError, ValueError):
                # stdout not guaranteed to be JSON, keep _json_out as None
                pass

    def __repr__(self):
        return f"ExecResult[code={self.exit_code}, exception={self._exception}, "\
               f"args={self._args}, stdout={self._stdout}, stderr={self._stderr}]"

    def _parse_stats(self):
        self._stats = []
        for line in self._stdout:
            try:
                self._stats.append(json.loads(line))
            except (json.JSONDecodeError, TypeError, ValueError):
                log.exception(f'not a JSON stat: {line}')
                break

    @property
    def exit_code(self) -> int:
        return self._exit_code

    @property
    def args(self) -> List[str]:
        return self._args

    @property
    def outraw(self) -> bytes:
        return ''.join(self._stdout).encode()

    @property
    def stdout(self) -> str:
        return ''.join(self._stdout)

    @property
    def json(self) -> Optional[Dict]:
        """Output as JSON dictionary or None if not parseable."""
        return self._json_out

    @property
    def stderr(self) -> str:
        return ''.join(self._stderr)

    @property
    def trace_lines(self) -> List[str]:
        return self._stderr

    @property
    def duration(self) -> timedelta:
        return self._duration

    @property
    def profile(self) -> Optional[RunProfile]:
        return self._profile

    @property
    def tcpdump(self) -> Optional[RunTcpDump]:
        return self._tcpdump

    @property
    def response(self) -> Optional[Dict]:
        return self._response

    @property
    def responses(self) -> List[Dict]:
        return self._responses

    @property
    def results(self) -> Dict:
        return self._results

    @property
    def assets(self) -> List:
        return self._assets

    @property
    def with_stats(self) -> bool:
        return self._with_stats

    @property
    def stats(self) -> List:
        return self._stats

    @property
    def total_connects(self) -> Optional[int]:
        if len(self.stats):
            n = 0
            for stat in self.stats:
                n += stat['num_connects']
            return n
        return None

    def add_response(self, resp: Dict):
        self._response = resp
        self._responses.append(resp)

    def add_results(self, results: Dict):
        self._results.update(results)
        if 'response' in results:
            self.add_response(results['response'])

    def add_assets(self, assets: List):
        self._assets.extend(assets)

    def check_exit_code(self, code: Union[int, bool]):
        if code is True:
            assert self.exit_code == 0, f'expected exit code {code}, '\
                                        f'got {self.exit_code}\n{self.dump_logs()}'
        elif code is False:
            assert self.exit_code != 0, f'expected exit code {code}, '\
                                        f'got {self.exit_code}\n{self.dump_logs()}'
        else:
            assert self.exit_code == code, f'expected exit code {code}, '\
                                           f'got {self.exit_code}\n{self.dump_logs()}'

    def check_response(self, http_status: Optional[int] = 200,
                       count: Optional[int] = 1,
                       protocol: Optional[str] = None,
                       exitcode: Optional[int] = 0,
                       connect_count: Optional[int] = None):
        if exitcode:
            self.check_exit_code(exitcode)
            if self.with_stats and isinstance(exitcode, int):
                for idx, x in enumerate(self.stats):
                    if 'exitcode' in x:
                        assert int(x['exitcode']) == exitcode, \
                            f'response #{idx} exitcode: expected {exitcode}, '\
                            f'got {x["exitcode"]}\n{self.dump_logs()}'

        if self.with_stats:
            assert len(self.stats) == count, \
                f'response count: expected {count}, ' \
                f'got {len(self.stats)}\n{self.dump_logs()}'
        else:
            assert len(self.responses) == count, \
                f'response count: expected {count}, ' \
                f'got {len(self.responses)}\n{self.dump_logs()}'
        if http_status is not None:
            if self.with_stats:
                for idx, x in enumerate(self.stats):
                    assert 'http_code' in x, \
                        f'response #{idx} reports no http_code\n{self.dump_stat(x)}'
                    assert x['http_code'] == http_status, \
                        f'response #{idx} http_code: expected {http_status}, '\
                        f'got {x["http_code"]}\n{self.dump_stat(x)}'
            else:
                for idx, x in enumerate(self.responses):
                    assert x['status'] == http_status, \
                        f'response #{idx} status: expected {http_status},'\
                        f'got {x["status"]}\n{self.dump_stat(x)}'
        if protocol is not None:
            if self.with_stats:
                http_version = None
                if protocol == 'HTTP/1.1':
                    http_version = '1.1'
                elif protocol == 'HTTP/2':
                    http_version = '2'
                elif protocol == 'HTTP/3':
                    http_version = '3'
                if http_version is not None:
                    for idx, x in enumerate(self.stats):
                        assert x['http_version'] == http_version, \
                            f'response #{idx} protocol: expected http/{http_version},' \
                            f'got version {x["http_version"]}\n{self.dump_stat(x)}'
            else:
                for idx, x in enumerate(self.responses):
                    assert x['protocol'] == protocol, \
                        f'response #{idx} protocol: expected {protocol},'\
                        f'got {x["protocol"]}\n{self.dump_logs()}'
        if connect_count is not None:
            assert self.total_connects == connect_count, \
                f'expected {connect_count}, but {self.total_connects} '\
                f'were made\n{self.dump_logs()}'

    def check_stats(self, count: int, http_status: Optional[int] = None,
                    exitcode: Optional[Union[int, List[int]]] = None,
                    remote_port: Optional[int] = None,
                    remote_ip: Optional[str] = None):
        if exitcode is None:
            self.check_exit_code(0)
        elif isinstance(exitcode, int):
            exitcode = [exitcode]
        assert len(self.stats) == count, \
            f'stats count: expected {count}, got {len(self.stats)}\n{self.dump_logs()}'
        if http_status is not None:
            for idx, x in enumerate(self.stats):
                assert 'http_code' in x, \
                    f'status #{idx} reports no http_code\n{self.dump_stat(x)}'
                assert x['http_code'] == http_status, \
                    f'status #{idx} http_code: expected {http_status}, '\
                    f'got {x["http_code"]}\n{self.dump_stat(x)}'
        if exitcode is not None:
            for idx, x in enumerate(self.stats):
                if 'exitcode' in x:
                    assert x['exitcode'] in exitcode, \
                        f'status #{idx} exitcode: expected {exitcode}, '\
                        f'got {x["exitcode"]}\n{self.dump_stat(x)}'
        if remote_port is not None:
            for idx, x in enumerate(self.stats):
                assert 'remote_port' in x, f'remote_port missing\n{self.dump_stat(x)}'
                assert x['remote_port'] == remote_port, \
                        f'status #{idx} remote_port: expected {remote_port}, '\
                        f'got {x["remote_port"]}\n{self.dump_stat(x)}'
        if remote_ip is not None:
            for idx, x in enumerate(self.stats):
                assert 'remote_ip' in x, f'remote_ip missing\n{self.dump_stat(x)}'
                assert x['remote_ip'] == remote_ip, \
                        f'status #{idx} remote_ip: expected {remote_ip}, '\
                        f'got {x["remote_ip"]}\n{self.dump_stat(x)}'

    def check_stat_positive(self, s, idx, key):
        assert key in s, f'stat #{idx} "{key}" missing: {s}'
        assert s[key] > 0, f'stat #{idx} "{key}" not positive: {s}'

    def check_stat_positive_or_0(self, s, idx, key):
        assert key in s, f'stat #{idx} "{key}" missing: {s}'
        assert s[key] >= 0, f'stat #{idx} "{key}" not positive: {s}'

    def check_stat_zero(self, s, key):
        assert key in s, f'stat "{key}" missing: {s}'
        assert s[key] == 0, f'stat "{key}" not zero: {s}'

    def check_stats_timelines(self):
        for i in range(len(self._stats)):
            self.check_stats_timeline(i)

    def check_stats_timeline(self, idx):
        # check timings reported on a transfer for consistency
        s = self._stats[idx]

        url = s['url_effective']

        self.check_stat_positive_or_0(s, idx, 'time_connect')
        # all stat keys which reporting timings
        all_keys = {
            'time_queue', 'time_namelookup',
            'time_connect', 'time_appconnect',
            'time_pretransfer', 'time_posttransfer',
            'time_starttransfer', 'time_total',
        }
        # stat keys where we expect a positive value
        ref_tl = []
        # time_queue has its own start timestamp. Other timers start *after*
        # queueing is done. queue duration might therefore be anywhere.
        somewhere_keys = ['time_queue']
        exact_match = True
        # redirects mess up the times, some are accumulative
        if s['time_redirect']:
            exact_match = False
        # connect events?
        if url.startswith('ftp'):
            # ftp is messy with connect events for its DATA connection
            exact_match = False
        elif s['num_connects'] > 0:
            ref_tl += ['time_namelookup', 'time_connect']
            if url.startswith('https:'):
                ref_tl += ['time_appconnect']
        ref_tl += ['time_pretransfer', 'time_posttransfer']
        somewhere_keys.extend(['time_starttransfer'])
        # always there at the end
        ref_tl += ['time_total']

        # assert all events in reference timeline are > 0
        for key in ref_tl:
            self.check_stat_positive(s, idx, key)
        if exact_match:
            # assert all events not in reference timeline are 0
            for key in [key for key in all_keys if key not in ref_tl and key not in somewhere_keys]:
                self.check_stat_zero(s, key)

        # calculate the timeline that did happen
        def cmp_ts(t1, t2):
            n = s[t1] - s[t2]
            if not n:  # same timestamp, order to expected occurrence
                return ref_tl.index(t1) - ref_tl.index(t2)
            return n

        seen_tl = sorted(ref_tl, key=cmp_to_key(cmp_ts))
        assert seen_tl == ref_tl, f'timeline {idx}: {[f"{ts}: {s[ts]}" for ts in seen_tl]}\n{self.dump_logs()}'
        for key in somewhere_keys:
            self.check_stat_positive(s, idx, key)
            assert s[key] <= s['time_total']

    def dump_logs(self):
        lines = ['>>--stdout ----------------------------------------------\n']
        lines.extend(self._stdout)
        lines.append('>>--stderr ----------------------------------------------\n')
        lines.extend(self._stderr)
        lines.append('<<-------------------------------------------------------\n')
        return ''.join(lines)

    def dump_stat(self, x):
        lines = [
            'json stat from curl:',
            json.JSONEncoder(indent=2).encode(x),
        ]
        if 'xfer_id' in x:
            xfer_id = x['xfer_id']
            lines.append(f'>>--xfer {xfer_id} trace:\n')
            lines.extend(self.xfer_trace_for(xfer_id))
        else:
            lines.append('>>--full trace-------------------------------------------\n')
            lines.extend(self._stderr)
            lines.append('<<-------------------------------------------------------\n')
        return ''.join(lines)

    def xfer_trace_for(self, xfer_id) -> List[str]:
            pat = re.compile(f'^[^[]* \\[{xfer_id}-.*$')
            return [line for line in self._stderr if pat.match(line)]


class CurlClient:

    ALPN_ARG = {
        'http/0.9': '--http0.9',
        'http/1.0': '--http1.0',
        'http/1.1': '--http1.1',
        'h2': '--http2',
        'h2c': '--http2',
        'h3': '--http3-only',
    }

    def __init__(self, env: Env,
                 run_dir: Optional[str] = None,
                 timeout: Optional[float] = None,
                 silent: bool = False,
                 run_env: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
                 server_addr: Optional[str] = None,
                 with_dtrace: bool = False,
                 with_perf: bool = False,
                 with_flame: bool = False,
                 force_resolv: bool = True,
                 socks_args: Optional[List[str]] = None):
        self.env = env
        self._timeout = timeout if timeout else env.test_timeout
        self._curl = os.environ['CURL'] if 'CURL' in os.environ else env.curl
        self._run_dir = run_dir if run_dir else os.path.join(env.gen_dir, 'curl')
        self._stdoutfile = f'{self._run_dir}/curl.stdout'
        self._stderrfile = f'{self._run_dir}/curl.stderr'
        self._headerfile = f'{self._run_dir}/curl.headers'
        self._log_path = f'{self._run_dir}/curl.log'
        self._with_dtrace = with_dtrace
        self._with_perf = with_perf
        self._with_flame = with_flame
        self._fg_dir = None
        if self._with_flame:
            self._fg_dir = os.path.join(self.env.project_dir, '../FlameGraph')
            if 'FLAMEGRAPH' in os.environ:
                self._fg_dir = os.environ['FLAMEGRAPH']
            if not os.path.exists(self._fg_dir):
                raise Exception(f'FlameGraph checkout not found in {self._fg_dir}, set env variable FLAMEGRAPH')
            if sys.platform.startswith('linux'):
                self._with_perf = True
            elif sys.platform.startswith('darwin'):
                self._with_dtrace = True
            else:
                raise Exception(f'flame graphs unsupported on {sys.platform}')
        self._socks_args = socks_args
        self._silent = silent
        self._run_env = run_env
        self._server_addr = server_addr if server_addr else '127.0.0.1'
        self._force_resolv = force_resolv
        self._rmrf(self._run_dir)
        self._mkpath(self._run_dir)

    @property
    def run_dir(self) -> str:
        return self._run_dir

    def download_file(self, i: int) -> str:
        return os.path.join(self.run_dir, f'download_{i}.data')

    def _rmf(self, path):
        if os.path.exists(path):
            os.remove(path)

    def _rmrf(self, path):
        if os.path.exists(path):
            shutil.rmtree(path)

    def _mkpath(self, path):
        if not os.path.exists(path):
            os.makedirs(path)

    def get_proxy_args(self, proto: str = 'http/1.1',
                       proxys: bool = True, tunnel: bool = False,
                       use_ip: bool = False, use_ipv6: bool = False,
                       use_h2o: bool = False):
        proxy_name = '[::1]' if use_ipv6 else \
            self._server_addr if use_ip else self.env.proxy_domain
        if proxys:
            if tunnel:
                pport = self.env.pts_port(proto, use_h2o=use_h2o)
            elif proto == 'h3':
                pport = self.env.h3proxys_port
            else:
                pport = self.env.proxys_port
            xargs = [
                '--proxy', f'https://{proxy_name}:{pport}/',
                '--proxy-cacert', self.env.ca.cert_file,
            ]
            if self._force_resolv and not use_ip and not use_ipv6:
                xargs.extend(['--resolve', f'{proxy_name}:{pport}:{self._server_addr}'])
            if proto == 'h2':
                xargs.append('--proxy-http2')
            elif proto == 'h3':
                xargs.append('--proxy-http3')
        else:
            xargs = [
                '--proxy', f'http://{proxy_name}:{self.env.proxy_port}/',
            ]
            if self._force_resolv and not use_ip and not use_ipv6:
                xargs.extend(['--resolve', f'{proxy_name}:{self.env.proxy_port}:{self._server_addr}'])
        if tunnel:
            xargs.append('--proxytunnel')
        return xargs

    def http_get(self, url: str, extra_args: Optional[List[str]] = None,
                 alpn_proto: Optional[str] = None,
                 def_tracing: bool = True,
                 with_stats: bool = False,
                 with_profile: bool = False,
                 with_tcpdump: bool = False):
        return self._raw(url, options=extra_args,
                         with_stats=with_stats,
                         alpn_proto=alpn_proto,
                         def_tracing=def_tracing,
                         with_profile=with_profile,
                         with_tcpdump=with_tcpdump)

    def http_download(self, urls: List[str],
                      alpn_proto: Optional[str] = None,
                      with_stats: bool = True,
                      with_headers: bool = False,
                      with_profile: bool = False,
                      with_tcpdump: bool = False,
                      no_save: bool = False,
                      limit_rate: Optional[str] = None,
                      extra_args: Optional[List[str]] = None,
                      url_options: Optional[Dict[str, List[str]]] = None):
        if extra_args is None:
            extra_args = []
        if no_save:
            extra_args.extend(['--out-null'])
        else:
            extra_args.extend(['-o', 'download_#1.data'])
        if limit_rate:
            extra_args.extend(['--limit-rate', limit_rate])
        # remove any existing ones
        for i in range(100):
            self._rmf(self.download_file(i))
        if with_stats:
            extra_args.extend([
                '-w', '%{json}\\n'
            ])
        return self._raw(urls, alpn_proto=alpn_proto, options=extra_args,
                         with_stats=with_stats,
                         url_options=url_options,
                         with_headers=with_headers,
                         with_profile=with_profile,
                         with_tcpdump=with_tcpdump)

    def http_upload(self, urls: List[str], data: str,
                    alpn_proto: Optional[str] = None,
                    with_stats: bool = True,
                    with_headers: bool = False,
                    with_profile: bool = False,
                    with_tcpdump: bool = False,
                    extra_args: Optional[List[str]] = None):
        if extra_args is None:
            extra_args = []
        extra_args.extend([
            '--data-binary', data, '-o', 'download_#1.data',
        ])
        if with_stats:
            extra_args.extend([
                '-w', '%{json}\\n'
            ])
        return self._raw(urls, alpn_proto=alpn_proto, options=extra_args,
                         with_stats=with_stats,
                         with_headers=with_headers,
                         with_profile=with_profile,
                         with_tcpdump=with_tcpdump)

    def http_delete(self, urls: List[str],
                    alpn_proto: Optional[str] = None,
                    with_stats: bool = True,
                    with_profile: bool = False,
                    extra_args: Optional[List[str]] = None):
        if extra_args is None:
            extra_args = []
        extra_args.extend([
            '-X', 'DELETE', '--out-null',
        ])
        if with_stats:
            extra_args.extend([
                '-w', '%{json}\\n'
            ])
        return self._raw(urls, alpn_proto=alpn_proto, options=extra_args,
                         with_stats=with_stats,
                         with_headers=False,
                         with_profile=with_profile)

    def http_put(self, urls: List[str], data=None, fdata=None,
                 alpn_proto: Optional[str] = None,
                 with_stats: bool = True,
                 with_headers: bool = False,
                 with_profile: bool = False,
                 suppress_cl: bool = False,
                 extra_args: Optional[List[str]] = None):
        if extra_args is None:
            extra_args = []
        if fdata is not None:
            extra_args.extend(['-T', fdata])
        elif data is not None:
            extra_args.extend(['-T', '-'])
        extra_args.extend([
            '-o', 'download_#1.data',
        ])
        if with_stats:
            extra_args.extend([
                '-w', '%{json}\\n'
            ])
        if suppress_cl:
            extra_args.extend([
                '-H', 'Content-Length:',
                '-H', 'Transfer-Encoding: chunked',
            ])
        return self._raw(urls, intext=data,
                         alpn_proto=alpn_proto, options=extra_args,
                         with_stats=with_stats,
                         with_headers=with_headers,
                         with_profile=with_profile)

    def http_form(self, urls: List[str], form: Dict[str, str],
                  alpn_proto: Optional[str] = None,
                  with_stats: bool = True,
                  with_headers: bool = False,
                  extra_args: Optional[List[str]] = None):
        if extra_args is None:
            extra_args = []
        for key, val in form.items():
            extra_args.extend(['-F', f'{key}={val}'])
        extra_args.extend([
            '-o', 'download_#1.data',
        ])
        if with_stats:
            extra_args.extend([
                '-w', '%{json}\\n'
            ])
        return self._raw(urls, alpn_proto=alpn_proto, options=extra_args,
                         with_stats=with_stats,
                         with_headers=with_headers)

    def ftp_get(self, urls: List[str],
                      with_stats: bool = True,
                      with_profile: bool = False,
                      with_tcpdump: bool = False,
                      no_save: bool = False,
                      extra_args: Optional[List[str]] = None):
        if extra_args is None:
            extra_args = []
        if no_save:
            extra_args.extend([
                '--out-null',
            ])
        else:
            extra_args.extend([
                '-o', 'download_#1.data',
            ])
        # remove any existing ones
        for i in range(100):
            self._rmf(self.download_file(i))
        if with_stats:
            extra_args.extend([
                '-w', '%{json}\\n'
            ])
        return self._raw(urls, options=extra_args,
                         with_stats=with_stats,
                         with_headers=False,
                         with_profile=with_profile,
                         with_tcpdump=with_tcpdump)

    def ftp_ssl_get(self, urls: List[str],
                      with_stats: bool = True,
                      with_profile: bool = False,
                      with_tcpdump: bool = False,
                      no_save: bool = False,
                      extra_args: Optional[List[str]] = None):
        if extra_args is None:
            extra_args = []
        extra_args.extend([
            '--ssl-reqd',
        ])
        return self.ftp_get(urls=urls, with_stats=with_stats,
                            with_profile=with_profile, no_save=no_save,
                            with_tcpdump=with_tcpdump,
                            extra_args=extra_args)

    def ftp_upload(self, urls: List[str],
                   fupload: Optional[Any] = None,
                   updata: Optional[str] = None,
                   with_stats: bool = True,
                   with_profile: bool = False,
                   with_tcpdump: bool = False,
                   extra_args: Optional[List[str]] = None):
        if extra_args is None:
            extra_args = []
        if fupload is not None:
            extra_args.extend([
                '--upload-file', fupload
            ])
        elif updata is not None:
            extra_args.extend([
                '--upload-file', '-'
            ])
        else:
            raise Exception('need either file or data to upload')
        if with_stats:
            extra_args.extend([
                '-w', '%{json}\\n'
            ])
        return self._raw(urls, options=extra_args,
                         intext=updata,
                         with_stats=with_stats,
                         with_headers=False,
                         with_profile=with_profile,
                         with_tcpdump=with_tcpdump)

    def ftp_ssl_upload(self, urls: List[str],
                       fupload: Optional[Any] = None,
                       updata: Optional[str] = None,
                       with_stats: bool = True,
                       with_profile: bool = False,
                       with_tcpdump: bool = False,
                       extra_args: Optional[List[str]] = None):
        if extra_args is None:
            extra_args = []
        extra_args.extend([
            '--ssl-reqd',
        ])
        return self.ftp_upload(urls=urls, fupload=fupload, updata=updata,
                               with_stats=with_stats, with_profile=with_profile,
                               with_tcpdump=with_tcpdump,
                               extra_args=extra_args)

    def ssh_download(self, urls: List[str],
                     with_stats: bool = True,
                     with_profile: bool = False,
                     with_tcpdump: bool = False,
                     no_save: bool = False,
                     extra_args: Optional[List[str]] = None):
        if extra_args is None:
            extra_args = []
        if no_save:
            extra_args.extend([
                '--out-null',
            ])
        else:
            extra_args.extend([
                '-o', 'download_#1.data',
            ])
        # remove any existing ones
        for i in range(100):
            self._rmf(self.download_file(i))
        if with_stats:
            extra_args.extend([
                '-w', '%{json}\\n'
            ])
        return self._raw(urls, options=extra_args,
                         with_stats=with_stats,
                         with_headers=False,
                         with_profile=with_profile,
                         with_tcpdump=with_tcpdump)

    def ssh_upload(self, urls: List[str],
                   fupload: Optional[Any] = None,
                   updata: Optional[str] = None,
                   with_stats: bool = True,
                   with_profile: bool = False,
                   with_tcpdump: bool = False,
                   extra_args: Optional[List[str]] = None):
        if extra_args is None:
            extra_args = []
        if fupload is not None:
            extra_args.extend([
                '--upload-file', fupload
            ])
        elif updata is not None:
            extra_args.extend([
                '--upload-file', '-'
            ])
        else:
            raise Exception('need either file or data to upload')
        if with_stats:
            extra_args.extend([
                '-w', '%{json}\\n'
            ])
        return self._raw(urls, options=extra_args,
                         intext=updata,
                         with_stats=with_stats,
                         with_headers=False,
                         with_profile=with_profile,
                         with_tcpdump=with_tcpdump)

    def response_file(self, idx: int):
        return os.path.join(self._run_dir, f'download_{idx}.data')

    def run_direct(self, args, with_stats: bool = False, with_profile: bool = False):
        my_args = [self._curl]
        if with_stats:
            my_args.extend([
                '-w', '%{json}\\n'
            ])
        my_args.extend([
            '-o', 'download.data',
        ])
        my_args.extend(args)
        return self._run(args=my_args, with_stats=with_stats, with_profile=with_profile)

    def _run(self, args, intext='', with_stats: bool = False,
             with_profile: bool = True, with_tcpdump: bool = False):
        self._rmf(self._stdoutfile)
        self._rmf(self._stderrfile)
        self._rmf(self._headerfile)
        exception = None
        profile = None
        tcpdump = None
        perf = None
        dtrace = None
        if with_tcpdump:
            tcpdump = RunTcpDump(self.env, self._run_dir)
            tcpdump.start()
        started_at = datetime.now()
        try:
            with open(self._stdoutfile, 'w') as cout, open(self._stderrfile, 'w') as cerr:
                if with_profile:
                    end_at = started_at + timedelta(seconds=self._timeout) \
                        if self._timeout else None
                    log.info(f'starting: {args}')
                    p = subprocess.Popen(args, stderr=cerr, stdout=cout,
                                         cwd=self._run_dir, shell=False,
                                         env=self._run_env)
                    profile = RunProfile(p.pid, started_at, self._run_dir)
                    if self._with_perf:
                        perf = PerfProfile(p.pid, self._run_dir)
                        perf.start()
                    elif self._with_dtrace:
                        dtrace = DTraceProfile(p.pid, self._run_dir)
                        dtrace.start()
                    ptimeout = 0.0
                    while True:
                        try:
                            p.wait(timeout=ptimeout)
                            break
                        except subprocess.TimeoutExpired as e:
                            if end_at and datetime.now() >= end_at:
                                p.kill()
                                raise subprocess.TimeoutExpired(cmd=args, timeout=self._timeout) from e
                            profile.sample()
                            ptimeout = 0.01
                    exitcode = p.returncode
                    profile.finish()
                    log.info(f'done: exit={exitcode}, profile={profile}')
                else:
                    p = subprocess.run(args, stderr=cerr, stdout=cout,
                                       cwd=self._run_dir, shell=False,
                                       input=intext.encode() if intext else None,
                                       timeout=self._timeout,
                                       env=self._run_env)
                    exitcode = p.returncode
        except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
            now = datetime.now()
            duration = now - started_at
            log.warning(f'Timeout at {now} after {duration.total_seconds()}s '
                        f'(configured {self._timeout}s): {args}')
            exitcode = -1
            exception = 'TimeoutExpired'
        ended_at = datetime.now()
        if tcpdump:
            tcpdump.finish()
        if perf:
            perf.finish()
        if dtrace:
            dtrace.finish()
        if self._with_flame:
            self._generate_flame(args, dtrace=dtrace, perf=perf)
        with open(self._stdoutfile) as fout, open(self._stderrfile) as ferr:
            coutput = fout.readlines()
            cerrput = ferr.readlines()
        return ExecResult(args=args, exit_code=exitcode, exception=exception,
                          stdout=coutput, stderr=cerrput,
                          duration=ended_at - started_at,
                          with_stats=with_stats,
                          profile=profile, tcpdump=tcpdump)

    def _raw(self, urls, intext='', timeout=None, options=None, insecure=False,
             alpn_proto: Optional[str] = None,
             url_options=None,
             with_stats=False,
             with_headers=True,
             def_tracing=True,
             with_profile=False,
             with_tcpdump=False):
        args = self._complete_args(
            urls=urls, timeout=timeout, options=options, insecure=insecure,
            alpn_proto=alpn_proto, with_headers=with_headers,
            def_tracing=def_tracing, url_options=url_options)
        r = self._run(args, intext=intext, with_stats=with_stats,
                      with_profile=with_profile, with_tcpdump=with_tcpdump)
        if r.exit_code == 0 and with_headers:
            self._parse_headerfile(self._headerfile, r=r)
        return r

    def _complete_args(self, urls, timeout=None, options=None,
                       insecure=False, alpn_proto: Optional[str] = None,
                       url_options=None,
                       with_headers: bool = True,
                       def_tracing: bool = True):
        url_sep = []
        if not isinstance(urls, list):
            urls = [urls]

        if options is not None and '--resolve' in options:
            force_resolve = False
        else:
            force_resolve = self._force_resolv

        args = [self._curl, "--disable", "-s", "--path-as-is"]
        if 'CURL_TEST_EVENT' in os.environ:
            args.append('--test-event')

        if self._socks_args:
            args.extend(self._socks_args)

        if with_headers:
            args.extend(["-D", self._headerfile])
        if def_tracing is not False and not self._silent:
            args.extend(['-v', '--trace-ids', '--trace-time'])
            if self.env.verbose > 1:
                args.extend(['--trace-config', 'http/2,http/3,h2-proxy,h1-proxy'])

        active_options = options
        if options is not None and '--next' in options:
            active_options = options[options.index('--next') + 1:]

        for url in urls:
            args.extend(url_sep)
            if url_options is not None:
                url_sep = ['--next']

            u = urlparse(url)
            if url_options is not None and url in url_options:
                args.extend(url_options[url])
            if options:
                args.extend(options)
            if alpn_proto is not None:
                if alpn_proto not in self.ALPN_ARG:
                    raise Exception(f'unknown ALPN protocol: "{alpn_proto}"')
                args.append(self.ALPN_ARG[alpn_proto])

            if u.scheme == 'http':
                pass
            elif insecure:
                args.append('--insecure')
            elif active_options and ("--cacert" in active_options or
                    "--capath" in active_options):
                pass
            elif u.hostname:
                args.extend(["--cacert", self.env.ca.cert_file])

            if force_resolve and u.hostname and u.hostname != 'localhost' \
                    and not re.match(r'^(\d+|\[|:).*', u.hostname):
                port = u.port if u.port else 443
                args.extend([
                    '--resolve', f'{u.hostname}:{port}:{self._server_addr}',
                ])
            if timeout is not None and int(timeout) > 0:
                args.extend(["--connect-timeout", str(int(timeout))])
            args.append(url)
        return args

    def _parse_headerfile(self, headerfile: str, r: Optional[ExecResult] = None) -> ExecResult:
        with open(headerfile) as fd:
            lines = fd.readlines()
        if r is None:
            r = ExecResult(args=[], exit_code=0, stdout=[], stderr=[])

        response = None

        def fin_response(resp):
            if resp:
                r.add_response(resp)

        expected = ['status']
        for line in lines:
            line = line.strip()
            if re.match(r'^$', line):
                if 'trailer' in expected:
                    # end of trailers
                    fin_response(response)
                    response = None
                    expected = ['status']
                elif 'header' in expected:
                    # end of header, another status or trailers might follow
                    expected = ['status', 'trailer']
                else:
                    assert False, f"unexpected line: '{line}'"
                continue
            if 'status' in expected:
                # log.debug("reading 1st response line: %s", line)
                m = re.match(r'^(\S+) (\d+)( .*)?$', line)
                if m:
                    fin_response(response)
                    response = {
                        "protocol": m.group(1),
                        "status": int(m.group(2)),
                        "description": m.group(3),
                        "header": {},
                        "trailer": {},
                        "body": r.outraw
                    }
                    expected = ['header']
                    continue
            if 'trailer' in expected:
                m = re.match(r'^([^:]+):\s*(.*)$', line)
                if m:
                    response['trailer'][m.group(1).lower()] = m.group(2)
                    continue
            if 'header' in expected:
                m = re.match(r'^([^:]+):\s*(.*)$', line)
                if m:
                    response['header'][m.group(1).lower()] = m.group(2)
                    continue
            assert False, f"unexpected line: '{line}, expected: {expected}'"

        fin_response(response)
        return r

    def _perf_collapse(self, perf: PerfProfile, file_err):
        if not os.path.exists(perf.file):
            raise Exception(f'perf output file does not exist: {perf.file}')
        fg_collapse = os.path.join(self._fg_dir, 'stackcollapse-perf.pl')
        if not os.path.exists(fg_collapse):
            raise Exception(f'FlameGraph script not found: {fg_collapse}')
        stacks_collapsed = f'{perf.file}.collapsed'
        log.info(f'collapsing stacks into {stacks_collapsed}')
        with open(stacks_collapsed, 'w') as cout, open(file_err, 'w') as cerr:
            p = subprocess.run([
                fg_collapse, perf.file
            ], stdout=cout, stderr=cerr, cwd=self._run_dir, shell=False)
            rc = p.returncode
            if rc != 0:
                raise Exception(f'{fg_collapse} returned error {rc}')
        return stacks_collapsed

    def _dtrace_collapse(self, dtrace: DTraceProfile, file_err):
        if not os.path.exists(dtrace.file):
            raise Exception(f'dtrace output file does not exist: {dtrace.file}')
        fg_collapse = os.path.join(self._fg_dir, 'stackcollapse.pl')
        if not os.path.exists(fg_collapse):
            raise Exception(f'FlameGraph script not found: {fg_collapse}')
        stacks_collapsed = f'{dtrace.file}.collapsed'
        log.info(f'collapsing stacks into {stacks_collapsed}')
        with open(stacks_collapsed, 'w') as cout, open(file_err, 'a') as cerr:
            p = subprocess.run([
                fg_collapse, dtrace.file
            ], stdout=cout, stderr=cerr, cwd=self._run_dir, shell=False)
            rc = p.returncode
            if rc != 0:
                raise Exception(f'{fg_collapse} returned error {rc}')
        return stacks_collapsed

    def _generate_flame(self, curl_args: List[str],
                        dtrace: Optional[DTraceProfile] = None,
                        perf: Optional[PerfProfile] = None):
        fg_gen_flame = os.path.join(self._fg_dir, 'flamegraph.pl')
        file_svg = os.path.join(self._run_dir, 'curl.flamegraph.svg')
        if not os.path.exists(fg_gen_flame):
            raise Exception(f'FlameGraph script not found: {fg_gen_flame}')

        log.info('waiting a sec for perf/dtrace to finish flushing')
        time.sleep(2)
        log.info('generating flame graph for this run')
        file_err = os.path.join(self._run_dir, 'curl.flamegraph.stderr')
        if perf:
            stacks_collapsed = self._perf_collapse(perf, file_err)
        elif dtrace:
            stacks_collapsed = self._dtrace_collapse(dtrace, file_err)
        else:
            raise Exception('no stacks measure given')

        log.info(f'generating graph into {file_svg}')
        cmdline = ' '.join(curl_args)
        if len(cmdline) > 80:
            title = f'{cmdline[:80]}...'
            subtitle = f'...{cmdline[-80:]}'
        else:
            title = cmdline
            subtitle = ''
        with open(file_svg, 'w') as cout, open(file_err, 'a') as cerr:
            p = subprocess.run([
                fg_gen_flame, '--colors', 'green',
                '--title', title, '--subtitle', subtitle,
                stacks_collapsed
            ], stdout=cout, stderr=cerr, cwd=self._run_dir, shell=False)
            rc = p.returncode
            if rc != 0:
                raise Exception(f'{fg_gen_flame} returned error {rc}')

    def mk_altsvc_file(self, name, src_alpn, src_host, src_port,
                       dest_alpn, dest_host, dest_port):
        fpath = os.path.join(self.run_dir, f'{name}.altsvc')
        ts = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(hours=1)
        ts = ts.strftime('%Y%m%d %H:%M:%S')
        with open(fpath, 'w') as fd:
            fd.write(f'{src_alpn} {src_host} {src_port} {dest_alpn} {dest_host} {dest_port} "{ts}" 1 0\n')
        return fpath
