/***************************************************************************
 *                                  _   _ ____  _
 *  Project                     ___| | | |  _ \| |
 *                             / __| | | | |_) | |
 *                            | (__| |_| |  _ <| |___
 *                             \___|\___/|_| \_\_____|
 *
 * Copyright (C) Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
 *
 * This software is licensed as described in the file COPYING, which
 * you should have received as part of this distribution. The terms
 * are also available at https://curl.se/docs/copyright.html.
 *
 * You may opt to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, under the terms of the COPYING file.
 *
 * This software is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
 *
 ***************************************************************************/
#include "curl_setup.h"
#include "urldata.h"
#include "telnet.h"

#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_TELNET

#ifdef HAVE_NETINET_IN_H
#include <netinet/in.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_NETDB_H
#include <netdb.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_ARPA_INET_H
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_NET_IF_H
#include <net/if.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_IOCTL_H
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_SYS_PARAM_H
#include <sys/param.h>
#endif

#include "url.h"
#include "transfer.h"
#include "sendf.h"
#include "curl_trc.h"
#include "connect.h"
#include "progress.h"
#include "arpa_telnet.h"
#include "select.h"
#include "curlx/strparse.h"

#define SUBBUFSIZE 512

#define CURL_SB_CLEAR(x) x->subpointer = x->subbuffer
#define CURL_SB_TERM(x)        \
  do {                         \
    x->subend = x->subpointer; \
    CURL_SB_CLEAR(x);          \
  } while(0)
#define CURL_SB_ACCUM(x, c)                                   \
  do {                                                        \
    if(x->subpointer < (x->subbuffer + sizeof(x->subbuffer))) \
      *x->subpointer++ = (c);                                 \
  } while(0)

#define CURL_SB_GET(x) ((*x->subpointer++) & 0xff)
#define CURL_SB_LEN(x) (x->subend - x->subpointer)

/* For posterity:
#define  CURL_SB_PEEK(x) ((*x->subpointer)&0xff)
#define  CURL_SB_EOF(x) (x->subpointer >= x->subend) */

/* For negotiation compliant to RFC 1143 */
#define CURL_NO          0
#define CURL_YES         1
#define CURL_WANTYES     2
#define CURL_WANTNO      3

#define CURL_EMPTY       0
#define CURL_OPPOSITE    1

/* meta key for storing protocol meta at easy handle */
#define CURL_META_TELNET_EASY   "meta:proto:telnet:easy"

/*
 * Telnet receiver states for fsm
 */
typedef enum {
  CURL_TS_DATA = 0,
  CURL_TS_IAC,
  CURL_TS_WILL,
  CURL_TS_WONT,
  CURL_TS_DO,
  CURL_TS_DONT,
  CURL_TS_CR,
  CURL_TS_SB,   /* sub-option collection */
  CURL_TS_SE    /* looking for sub-option end */
} TelnetReceive;

struct TELNET {
  int please_negotiate;
  int already_negotiated;
  int us[256];
  int usq[256];
  int us_preferred[256];
  int him[256];
  int himq[256];
  int him_preferred[256];
  int subnegotiation[256];
  const char *subopt_ttype;          /* Set with suboption TTYPE */
  const char *subopt_xdisploc;       /* Set with suboption XDISPLOC */
  unsigned short subopt_wsx;         /* Set with suboption NAWS */
  unsigned short subopt_wsy;         /* Set with suboption NAWS */
  TelnetReceive telrcv_state;
  struct curl_slist *telnet_vars;    /* Environment variables */
  struct dynbuf out;                 /* output buffer */

  /* suboptions */
  unsigned char subbuffer[SUBBUFSIZE];
  unsigned char *subpointer, *subend;      /* buffer for sub-options */
};

#ifndef CURLVERBOSE
#define printoption(a, b, c, d) Curl_nop_stmt
#else
static void printoption(struct Curl_easy *data,
                        const char *direction, int cmd, int option)
{
  if(data->set.verbose) {
    if(cmd == CURL_IAC) {
      if(CURL_TELCMD_OK(option))
        infof(data, "%s IAC %s", direction, CURL_TELCMD(option));
      else
        infof(data, "%s IAC %d", direction, option);
    }
    else {
      const char *fmt = (cmd == CURL_WILL) ? "WILL" :
                        (cmd == CURL_WONT) ? "WONT" :
                        (cmd == CURL_DO) ? "DO" :
                        (cmd == CURL_DONT) ? "DONT" : 0;
      if(fmt) {
        const char *opt;
        if(CURL_TELOPT_OK(option))
          opt = CURL_TELOPT(option);
        else if(option == CURL_TELOPT_EXOPL)
          opt = "EXOPL";
        else
          opt = NULL;

        if(opt)
          infof(data, "%s %s %s", direction, fmt, opt);
        else
          infof(data, "%s %s %d", direction, fmt, option);
      }
      else
        infof(data, "%s %d %d", direction, cmd, option);
    }
  }
}
#endif /* !CURLVERBOSE */

static void telnet_easy_dtor(void *key, size_t klen, void *entry)
{
  struct TELNET *tn = entry;
  (void)key;
  (void)klen;
  curl_slist_free_all(tn->telnet_vars);
  curlx_dyn_free(&tn->out);
  curlx_free(tn);
}

static CURLcode init_telnet(struct Curl_easy *data)
{
  struct TELNET *tn;

  tn = curlx_calloc(1, sizeof(struct TELNET));
  if(!tn)
    return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;

  curlx_dyn_init(&tn->out, 0xffff);

  tn->telrcv_state = CURL_TS_DATA;

  /* Init suboptions */
  CURL_SB_CLEAR(tn);

  /* Set the options we want by default */
  tn->us_preferred[CURL_TELOPT_SGA] = CURL_YES;
  tn->him_preferred[CURL_TELOPT_SGA] = CURL_YES;

  /* To be compliant with previous releases of libcurl
     we enable this option by default. This behavior
         can be changed thanks to the "BINARY" option in
         CURLOPT_TELNETOPTIONS
  */
  tn->us_preferred[CURL_TELOPT_BINARY] = CURL_YES;
  tn->him_preferred[CURL_TELOPT_BINARY] = CURL_YES;

  /* We must allow the server to echo what we sent
         but it is not necessary to request the server
         to do so (it might forces the server to close
         the connection). Hence, we ignore ECHO in the
         negotiate function
  */
  tn->him_preferred[CURL_TELOPT_ECHO] = CURL_YES;

  /* Set the subnegotiation fields to send information
    just after negotiation passed (do/will)

     Default values are (0,0) initialized by calloc.
     According to the RFC1013 it is valid:
     A value equal to zero is acceptable for the width (or height),
         and means that no character width (or height) is being sent.
         In this case, the width (or height) that will be assumed by the
         Telnet server is operating system specific (it will probably be
         based upon the terminal type information that may have been sent
         using the TERMINAL TYPE Telnet option). */
  tn->subnegotiation[CURL_TELOPT_NAWS] = CURL_YES;

  return Curl_meta_set(data, CURL_META_TELNET_EASY, tn, telnet_easy_dtor);
}

static void send_negotiation(struct Curl_easy *data, int cmd, int option)
{
  unsigned char buf[3];
  ssize_t bytes_written;
  struct connectdata *conn = data->conn;

  buf[0] = CURL_IAC;
  buf[1] = (unsigned char)cmd;
  buf[2] = (unsigned char)option;

  bytes_written = swrite(conn->sock[FIRSTSOCKET], buf, 3);
  if(bytes_written < 0) {
    int err = SOCKERRNO;
    failf(data, "Sending data failed (%d)", err);
  }

  printoption(data, "SENT", cmd, option);
}

static void set_remote_option(struct Curl_easy *data, struct TELNET *tn,
                              int option, int newstate)
{
  if(newstate == CURL_YES) {
    switch(tn->him[option]) {
    case CURL_NO:
      tn->him[option] = CURL_WANTYES;
      send_negotiation(data, CURL_DO, option);
      break;

    case CURL_YES:
      /* Already enabled */
      break;

    case CURL_WANTNO:
      switch(tn->himq[option]) {
      case CURL_EMPTY:
        /* Already negotiating for CURL_YES, queue the request */
        tn->himq[option] = CURL_OPPOSITE;
        break;
      case CURL_OPPOSITE:
        /* Error: already queued an enable request */
        break;
      }
      break;

    case CURL_WANTYES:
      switch(tn->himq[option]) {
      case CURL_EMPTY:
        /* Error: already negotiating for enable */
        break;
      case CURL_OPPOSITE:
        tn->himq[option] = CURL_EMPTY;
        break;
      }
      break;
    }
  }
  else { /* NO */
    switch(tn->him[option]) {
    case CURL_NO:
      /* Already disabled */
      break;

    case CURL_YES:
      tn->him[option] = CURL_WANTNO;
      send_negotiation(data, CURL_DONT, option);
      break;

    case CURL_WANTNO:
      switch(tn->himq[option]) {
      case CURL_EMPTY:
        /* Already negotiating for NO */
        break;
      case CURL_OPPOSITE:
        tn->himq[option] = CURL_EMPTY;
        break;
      }
      break;

    case CURL_WANTYES:
      switch(tn->himq[option]) {
      case CURL_EMPTY:
        tn->himq[option] = CURL_OPPOSITE;
        break;
      case CURL_OPPOSITE:
        break;
      }
      break;
    }
  }
}

static void set_local_option(struct Curl_easy *data, struct TELNET *tn,
                             int option, int newstate)
{
  if(newstate == CURL_YES) {
    switch(tn->us[option]) {
    case CURL_NO:
      tn->us[option] = CURL_WANTYES;
      send_negotiation(data, CURL_WILL, option);
      break;

    case CURL_YES:
      /* Already enabled */
      break;

    case CURL_WANTNO:
      switch(tn->usq[option]) {
      case CURL_EMPTY:
        /* Already negotiating for CURL_YES, queue the request */
        tn->usq[option] = CURL_OPPOSITE;
        break;
      case CURL_OPPOSITE:
        /* Error: already queued an enable request */
        break;
      }
      break;

    case CURL_WANTYES:
      switch(tn->usq[option]) {
      case CURL_EMPTY:
        /* Error: already negotiating for enable */
        break;
      case CURL_OPPOSITE:
        tn->usq[option] = CURL_EMPTY;
        break;
      }
      break;
    }
  }
  else { /* NO */
    switch(tn->us[option]) {
    case CURL_NO:
      /* Already disabled */
      break;

    case CURL_YES:
      tn->us[option] = CURL_WANTNO;
      send_negotiation(data, CURL_WONT, option);
      break;

    case CURL_WANTNO:
      switch(tn->usq[option]) {
      case CURL_EMPTY:
        /* Already negotiating for NO */
        break;
      case CURL_OPPOSITE:
        tn->usq[option] = CURL_EMPTY;
        break;
      }
      break;

    case CURL_WANTYES:
      switch(tn->usq[option]) {
      case CURL_EMPTY:
        tn->usq[option] = CURL_OPPOSITE;
        break;
      case CURL_OPPOSITE:
        break;
      }
      break;
    }
  }
}

static void telnet_negotiate(struct Curl_easy *data, struct TELNET *tn)
{
  int i;

  for(i = 0; i < CURL_NTELOPTS; i++) {
    if(i == CURL_TELOPT_ECHO)
      continue;

    if(tn->us_preferred[i] == CURL_YES)
      set_local_option(data, tn, i, CURL_YES);

    if(tn->him_preferred[i] == CURL_YES)
      set_remote_option(data, tn, i, CURL_YES);
  }
}

static void rec_will(struct Curl_easy *data, struct TELNET *tn, int option)
{
  switch(tn->him[option]) {
  case CURL_NO:
    if(tn->him_preferred[option] == CURL_YES) {
      tn->him[option] = CURL_YES;
      send_negotiation(data, CURL_DO, option);
    }
    else
      send_negotiation(data, CURL_DONT, option);

    break;

  case CURL_YES:
    /* Already enabled */
    break;

  case CURL_WANTNO:
    switch(tn->himq[option]) {
    case CURL_EMPTY:
      /* Error: DONT answered by WILL */
      tn->him[option] = CURL_NO;
      break;
    case CURL_OPPOSITE:
      /* Error: DONT answered by WILL */
      tn->him[option] = CURL_YES;
      tn->himq[option] = CURL_EMPTY;
      break;
    }
    break;

  case CURL_WANTYES:
    switch(tn->himq[option]) {
    case CURL_EMPTY:
      tn->him[option] = CURL_YES;
      break;
    case CURL_OPPOSITE:
      tn->him[option] = CURL_WANTNO;
      tn->himq[option] = CURL_EMPTY;
      send_negotiation(data, CURL_DONT, option);
      break;
    }
    break;
  }
}

static void rec_wont(struct Curl_easy *data, struct TELNET *tn, int option)
{
  switch(tn->him[option]) {
  case CURL_NO:
    /* Already disabled */
    break;

  case CURL_YES:
    tn->him[option] = CURL_NO;
    send_negotiation(data, CURL_DONT, option);
    break;

  case CURL_WANTNO:
    switch(tn->himq[option]) {
    case CURL_EMPTY:
      tn->him[option] = CURL_NO;
      break;

    case CURL_OPPOSITE:
      tn->him[option] = CURL_WANTYES;
      tn->himq[option] = CURL_EMPTY;
      send_negotiation(data, CURL_DO, option);
      break;
    }
    break;

  case CURL_WANTYES:
    switch(tn->himq[option]) {
    case CURL_EMPTY:
      tn->him[option] = CURL_NO;
      break;
    case CURL_OPPOSITE:
      tn->him[option] = CURL_NO;
      tn->himq[option] = CURL_EMPTY;
      break;
    }
    break;
  }
}

static void printsub(struct Curl_easy *data,
                     int direction,                /* '<' or '>' */
                     const unsigned char *pointer, /* ptr to suboption data */
                     size_t length)                /* suboption data length */
{
  if(data->set.verbose) {
    unsigned int i = 0;
    if(direction) {
      infof(data, "%s IAC SB ", (direction == '<') ? "RCVD" : "SENT");
      if(length >= 3) {
        int j;

        i = pointer[length - 2];
        j = pointer[length - 1];

        if(i != CURL_IAC || j != CURL_SE) {
          infof(data, "(terminated by ");
          if(CURL_TELOPT_OK(i))
            infof(data, "%s ", CURL_TELOPT(i));
          else if(CURL_TELCMD_OK(i))
            infof(data, "%s ", CURL_TELCMD(i));
          else
            infof(data, "%u ", i);
          if(CURL_TELOPT_OK(j))
            infof(data, "%s", CURL_TELOPT(j));
          else if(CURL_TELCMD_OK(j))
            infof(data, "%s", CURL_TELCMD(j));
          else
            infof(data, "%d", j);
          infof(data, ", not IAC SE) ");
        }
      }
      if(length >= 2)
        length -= 2;
      else /* bad input */
        return;
    }
    if(length <= 1) {
      infof(data, "(Empty suboption?)");
      return;
    }

    if(CURL_TELOPT_OK(pointer[0])) {
      switch(pointer[0]) {
      case CURL_TELOPT_TTYPE:
      case CURL_TELOPT_XDISPLOC:
      case CURL_TELOPT_NEW_ENVIRON:
      case CURL_TELOPT_NAWS:
        infof(data, "%s", CURL_TELOPT(pointer[0]));
        break;
      default:
        infof(data, "%s (unsupported)", CURL_TELOPT(pointer[0]));
        break;
      }
    }
    else
      infof(data, "%d (unknown)", pointer[0]);

    switch(pointer[0]) {
    case CURL_TELOPT_NAWS:
      if(length > 4)
        infof(data, "Width: %d ; Height: %d", (pointer[1] << 8) | pointer[2],
              (pointer[3] << 8) | pointer[4]);
      break;
    default:
      switch(pointer[1]) {
      case CURL_TELQUAL_IS:
        infof(data, " IS");
        break;
      case CURL_TELQUAL_SEND:
        infof(data, " SEND");
        break;
      case CURL_TELQUAL_INFO:
        infof(data, " INFO/REPLY");
        break;
      case CURL_TELQUAL_NAME:
        infof(data, " NAME");
        break;
      }

      switch(pointer[0]) {
      case CURL_TELOPT_TTYPE:
      case CURL_TELOPT_XDISPLOC:
        infof(data, " \"%.*s\"",
              (int)((length > 2) ? (length - 2) : 0), &pointer[2]);
        break;
      case CURL_TELOPT_NEW_ENVIRON:
        if(pointer[1] == CURL_TELQUAL_IS) {
          infof(data, " ");
          for(i = 3; i < length; i++) {
            switch(pointer[i]) {
            case CURL_NEW_ENV_VAR:
              infof(data, ", ");
              break;
            case CURL_NEW_ENV_VALUE:
              infof(data, " = ");
              break;
            default:
              infof(data, "%c", pointer[i]);
              break;
            }
          }
        }
        break;
      default:
        for(i = 2; i < length; i++)
          infof(data, " %.2x", pointer[i]);
        break;
      }
    }
  }
}

/* Escape and send a telnet data block */
static CURLcode send_telnet_data(struct Curl_easy *data,
                                 struct TELNET *tn,
                                 const char *buffer, ssize_t nread)
{
  size_t i, outlen;
  const unsigned char *outbuf;
  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
  size_t bytes_written;
  size_t total_written = 0;
  struct connectdata *conn = data->conn;

  DEBUGASSERT(tn);
  DEBUGASSERT(nread > 0);
  if(nread < 0)
    return CURLE_TOO_LARGE;

  if(memchr(buffer, CURL_IAC, nread)) {
    /* only use the escape buffer when necessary */
    curlx_dyn_reset(&tn->out);

    for(i = 0; i < (size_t)nread && !result; i++) {
      result = curlx_dyn_addn(&tn->out, &buffer[i], 1);
      if(!result && ((unsigned char)buffer[i] == CURL_IAC))
        /* IAC is FF in hex */
        result = curlx_dyn_addn(&tn->out, "\xff", 1);
    }

    outlen = curlx_dyn_len(&tn->out);
    outbuf = curlx_dyn_uptr(&tn->out);
  }
  else {
    outlen = (size_t)nread;
    outbuf = (const unsigned char *)buffer;
  }
  while(!result && total_written < outlen) {
    /* Make sure socket is writable to avoid EWOULDBLOCK condition */
    struct pollfd pfd[1];
    pfd[0].fd = conn->sock[FIRSTSOCKET];
    pfd[0].events = POLLOUT;
    switch(Curl_poll(pfd, 1, -1)) {
    case -1:                    /* error, abort writing */
    case 0:                     /* timeout (will never happen) */
      result = CURLE_SEND_ERROR;
      break;
    default:                    /* write! */
      bytes_written = 0;
      result = Curl_xfer_send(data, outbuf + total_written,
                              outlen - total_written, FALSE, &bytes_written);
      total_written += bytes_written;
      break;
    }
  }

  return result;
}

/*
 * sendsuboption()
 *
 * Send suboption information to the server side.
 */
static void sendsuboption(struct Curl_easy *data,
                          struct TELNET *tn, int option)
{
  ssize_t bytes_written;
  int err;
  unsigned short x, y;
  const unsigned char *uc1, *uc2;
  struct connectdata *conn = data->conn;

  switch(option) {
  case CURL_TELOPT_NAWS:
    /* We prepare data to be sent */
    CURL_SB_CLEAR(tn);
    CURL_SB_ACCUM(tn, CURL_IAC);
    CURL_SB_ACCUM(tn, CURL_SB);
    CURL_SB_ACCUM(tn, CURL_TELOPT_NAWS);
    /* We must deal either with little or big endian processors */
    /* Window size must be sent according to the 'network order' */
    x = htons(tn->subopt_wsx);
    y = htons(tn->subopt_wsy);
    uc1 = (const unsigned char *)&x;
    uc2 = (const unsigned char *)&y;
    CURL_SB_ACCUM(tn, uc1[0]);
    CURL_SB_ACCUM(tn, uc1[1]);
    CURL_SB_ACCUM(tn, uc2[0]);
    CURL_SB_ACCUM(tn, uc2[1]);

    CURL_SB_ACCUM(tn, CURL_IAC);
    CURL_SB_ACCUM(tn, CURL_SE);
    CURL_SB_TERM(tn);
    /* data suboption is now ready */

    printsub(data, '>', (const unsigned char *)tn->subbuffer + 2,
             CURL_SB_LEN(tn) - 2);

    /* we send the header of the suboption... */
    bytes_written = swrite(conn->sock[FIRSTSOCKET], tn->subbuffer, 3);
    if(bytes_written < 0) {
      err = SOCKERRNO;
      failf(data, "Sending data failed (%d)", err);
    }
    /* ... then the window size with the send_telnet_data() function
       to deal with 0xFF cases ... */
    send_telnet_data(data, tn, (const char *)tn->subbuffer + 3, 4);
    /* ... and the footer */
    bytes_written = swrite(conn->sock[FIRSTSOCKET], tn->subbuffer + 7, 2);
    if(bytes_written < 0) {
      err = SOCKERRNO;
      failf(data, "Sending data failed (%d)", err);
    }
    break;
  }
}

static void rec_do(struct Curl_easy *data, struct TELNET *tn, int option)
{
  switch(tn->us[option]) {
  case CURL_NO:
    if(tn->us_preferred[option] == CURL_YES) {
      tn->us[option] = CURL_YES;
      send_negotiation(data, CURL_WILL, option);
      if(tn->subnegotiation[option] == CURL_YES)
        /* transmission of data option */
        sendsuboption(data, tn, option);
    }
    else if(tn->subnegotiation[option] == CURL_YES) {
      /* send information to achieve this option */
      tn->us[option] = CURL_YES;
      send_negotiation(data, CURL_WILL, option);
      sendsuboption(data, tn, option);
    }
    else
      send_negotiation(data, CURL_WONT, option);
    break;

  case CURL_YES:
    /* Already enabled */
    break;

  case CURL_WANTNO:
    switch(tn->usq[option]) {
    case CURL_EMPTY:
      /* Error: DONT answered by WILL */
      tn->us[option] = CURL_NO;
      break;
    case CURL_OPPOSITE:
      /* Error: DONT answered by WILL */
      tn->us[option] = CURL_YES;
      tn->usq[option] = CURL_EMPTY;
      break;
    }
    break;

  case CURL_WANTYES:
    switch(tn->usq[option]) {
    case CURL_EMPTY:
      tn->us[option] = CURL_YES;
      if(tn->subnegotiation[option] == CURL_YES) {
        /* transmission of data option */
        sendsuboption(data, tn, option);
      }
      break;
    case CURL_OPPOSITE:
      tn->us[option] = CURL_WANTNO;
      tn->himq[option] = CURL_EMPTY;
      send_negotiation(data, CURL_WONT, option);
      break;
    }
    break;
  }
}

static void rec_dont(struct Curl_easy *data, struct TELNET *tn, int option)
{
  switch(tn->us[option]) {
  case CURL_NO:
    /* Already disabled */
    break;

  case CURL_YES:
    tn->us[option] = CURL_NO;
    send_negotiation(data, CURL_WONT, option);
    break;

  case CURL_WANTNO:
    switch(tn->usq[option]) {
    case CURL_EMPTY:
      tn->us[option] = CURL_NO;
      break;

    case CURL_OPPOSITE:
      tn->us[option] = CURL_WANTYES;
      tn->usq[option] = CURL_EMPTY;
      send_negotiation(data, CURL_WILL, option);
      break;
    }
    break;

  case CURL_WANTYES:
    switch(tn->usq[option]) {
    case CURL_EMPTY:
      tn->us[option] = CURL_NO;
      break;
    case CURL_OPPOSITE:
      tn->us[option] = CURL_NO;
      tn->usq[option] = CURL_EMPTY;
      break;
    }
    break;
  }
}

static bool str_is_nonascii(const char *str)
{
  char c;
  while((c = *str++) != 0)
    if(c & 0x80)
      return TRUE;

  return FALSE;
}

static CURLcode check_telnet_options(struct Curl_easy *data,
                                     struct TELNET *tn)
{
  struct curl_slist *head;
  struct curl_slist *beg;
  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;

  /* Add the username as an environment variable if it
     was given on the command line */
  if(data->state.aptr.user) {
    char buffer[256];
    if(str_is_nonascii(data->conn->user)) {
      DEBUGF(infof(data, "set a non ASCII username in telnet"));
      return CURLE_BAD_FUNCTION_ARGUMENT;
    }
    curl_msnprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "USER,%s", data->conn->user);
    beg = curl_slist_append(tn->telnet_vars, buffer);
    if(!beg) {
      curl_slist_free_all(tn->telnet_vars);
      tn->telnet_vars = NULL;
      return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
    }
    tn->telnet_vars = beg;
    tn->us_preferred[CURL_TELOPT_NEW_ENVIRON] = CURL_YES;
  }

  for(head = data->set.telnet_options; head && !result; head = head->next) {
    size_t olen;
    const char *option = head->data;
    const char *arg;
    const char *sep = strchr(option, '=');
    if(sep) {
      olen = sep - option;
      arg = ++sep;
      if(str_is_nonascii(arg))
        continue;
      switch(olen) {
      case 5:
        /* Terminal type */
        if(curl_strnequal(option, "TTYPE", 5)) {
          tn->subopt_ttype = arg;
          tn->us_preferred[CURL_TELOPT_TTYPE] = CURL_YES;
          break;
        }
        result = CURLE_UNKNOWN_OPTION;
        break;

      case 8:
        /* Display variable */
        if(curl_strnequal(option, "XDISPLOC", 8)) {
          tn->subopt_xdisploc = arg;
          tn->us_preferred[CURL_TELOPT_XDISPLOC] = CURL_YES;
          break;
        }
        result = CURLE_UNKNOWN_OPTION;
        break;

      case 7:
        /* Environment variable */
        if(curl_strnequal(option, "NEW_ENV", 7)) {
          beg = curl_slist_append(tn->telnet_vars, arg);
          if(!beg) {
            result = CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
            break;
          }
          tn->telnet_vars = beg;
          tn->us_preferred[CURL_TELOPT_NEW_ENVIRON] = CURL_YES;
        }
        else
          result = CURLE_UNKNOWN_OPTION;
        break;

      case 2:
        /* Window Size */
        if(curl_strnequal(option, "WS", 2)) {
          const char *p = arg;
          curl_off_t x = 0;
          curl_off_t y = 0;
          if(curlx_str_number(&p, &x, 0xffff) ||
             curlx_str_single(&p, 'x') ||
             curlx_str_number(&p, &y, 0xffff)) {
            failf(data, "Syntax error in telnet option: %s", head->data);
            result = CURLE_SETOPT_OPTION_SYNTAX;
          }
          else {
            tn->subopt_wsx = (unsigned short)x;
            tn->subopt_wsy = (unsigned short)y;
            tn->us_preferred[CURL_TELOPT_NAWS] = CURL_YES;
          }
        }
        else
          result = CURLE_UNKNOWN_OPTION;
        break;

      case 6:
        /* To take care or not of the 8th bit in data exchange */
        if(curl_strnequal(option, "BINARY", 6)) {
          const char *p = arg;
          curl_off_t binary_option;
          if(!curlx_str_number(&p, &binary_option, 1) &&
             (binary_option != 1)) {
            tn->us_preferred[CURL_TELOPT_BINARY] = CURL_NO;
            tn->him_preferred[CURL_TELOPT_BINARY] = CURL_NO;
          }
        }
        else
          result = CURLE_UNKNOWN_OPTION;
        break;
      default:
        failf(data, "Unknown telnet option %s", head->data);
        result = CURLE_UNKNOWN_OPTION;
        break;
      }
    }
    else {
      failf(data, "Syntax error in telnet option: %s", head->data);
      result = CURLE_SETOPT_OPTION_SYNTAX;
    }
  }

  if(result) {
    curl_slist_free_all(tn->telnet_vars);
    tn->telnet_vars = NULL;
  }

  return result;
}

/* if the option contains an IAC code, it should be escaped in the output, but
   as we cannot think of any legit way to send that as part of the content we
   rather just ban its use instead */
static bool bad_option(const char *data)
{
  return !data || !!strchr(data, CURL_IAC);
}

/*
 * suboption()
 *
 * Look at the sub-option buffer, and try to be helpful to the other
 * side.
 */
static CURLcode suboption(struct Curl_easy *data, struct TELNET *tn)
{
  struct curl_slist *v;
  unsigned char temp[2048];
  ssize_t bytes_written;
  size_t len;
  int err;
  struct connectdata *conn = data->conn;

  if(!CURL_SB_LEN(tn)) /* ignore empty suboption */
    return CURLE_OK;

  printsub(data, '<', (const unsigned char *)tn->subbuffer,
           CURL_SB_LEN(tn) + 2);
  switch(CURL_SB_GET(tn)) {
  case CURL_TELOPT_TTYPE:
    if(bad_option(tn->subopt_ttype))
      return CURLE_BAD_FUNCTION_ARGUMENT;
    if(strlen(tn->subopt_ttype) > 1000) {
      failf(data, "Tool long telnet TTYPE");
      return CURLE_SEND_ERROR;
    }
    len = curl_msnprintf((char *)temp, sizeof(temp), "%c%c%c%c%s%c%c",
                         CURL_IAC, CURL_SB, CURL_TELOPT_TTYPE,
                         CURL_TELQUAL_IS, tn->subopt_ttype, CURL_IAC,
                         CURL_SE);
    bytes_written = swrite(conn->sock[FIRSTSOCKET], temp, len);

    if(bytes_written < 0) {
      err = SOCKERRNO;
      failf(data, "Sending data failed (%d)", err);
      return CURLE_SEND_ERROR;
    }
    printsub(data, '>', &temp[2], len-2);
    break;
  case CURL_TELOPT_XDISPLOC:
    if(bad_option(tn->subopt_xdisploc))
      return CURLE_BAD_FUNCTION_ARGUMENT;
    if(strlen(tn->subopt_xdisploc) > 1000) {
      failf(data, "Tool long telnet XDISPLOC");
      return CURLE_SEND_ERROR;
    }
    len = curl_msnprintf((char *)temp, sizeof(temp), "%c%c%c%c%s%c%c",
                         CURL_IAC, CURL_SB, CURL_TELOPT_XDISPLOC,
                         CURL_TELQUAL_IS, tn->subopt_xdisploc, CURL_IAC,
                         CURL_SE);
    bytes_written = swrite(conn->sock[FIRSTSOCKET], temp, len);
    if(bytes_written < 0) {
      err = SOCKERRNO;
      failf(data, "Sending data failed (%d)", err);
      return CURLE_SEND_ERROR;
    }
    printsub(data, '>', &temp[2], len - 2);
    break;
  case CURL_TELOPT_NEW_ENVIRON:
    len = curl_msnprintf((char *)temp, sizeof(temp), "%c%c%c%c",
                         CURL_IAC, CURL_SB, CURL_TELOPT_NEW_ENVIRON,
                         CURL_TELQUAL_IS);
    for(v = tn->telnet_vars; v; v = v->next) {
      size_t tmplen = (strlen(v->data) + 1);
      if(bad_option(v->data))
        return CURLE_BAD_FUNCTION_ARGUMENT;
      /* Add the variable if it fits */
      if(len + tmplen < (int)sizeof(temp) - 6) {
        const char *s = strchr(v->data, ',');
        if(!s)
          len += curl_msnprintf((char *)&temp[len], sizeof(temp) - len,
                                "%c%s", CURL_NEW_ENV_VAR, v->data);
        else {
          size_t vlen = s - v->data;
          len += curl_msnprintf((char *)&temp[len], sizeof(temp) - len,
                                "%c%.*s%c%s", CURL_NEW_ENV_VAR,
                                (int)vlen, v->data, CURL_NEW_ENV_VALUE, ++s);
        }
      }
    }
    curl_msnprintf((char *)&temp[len], sizeof(temp) - len,
                   "%c%c", CURL_IAC, CURL_SE);
    len += 2;
    bytes_written = swrite(conn->sock[FIRSTSOCKET], temp, len);
    if(bytes_written < 0) {
      err = SOCKERRNO;
      failf(data, "Sending data failed (%d)", err);
    }
    printsub(data, '>', &temp[2], len - 2);
    break;
  }
  return CURLE_OK;
}

static CURLcode telrcv(struct Curl_easy *data,
                       struct TELNET *tn,
                       const unsigned char *inbuf, /* Data received from
                                                      socket */
                       ssize_t count)              /* Number of bytes
                                                      received */
{
  unsigned char c;
  CURLcode result;
  int in = 0;
  int startwrite = -1;

#define startskipping()                                          \
  if(startwrite >= 0) {                                          \
    result = Curl_client_write(data,                             \
                               CLIENTWRITE_BODY,                 \
                               (const char *)&inbuf[startwrite], \
                               in-startwrite);                   \
    if(result)                                                   \
      return result;                                             \
  }                                                              \
  startwrite = -1

#define writebyte()  \
  if(startwrite < 0) \
    startwrite = in

#define bufferflush() startskipping()

  while(count--) {
    c = inbuf[in];

    switch(tn->telrcv_state) {
    case CURL_TS_CR:
      tn->telrcv_state = CURL_TS_DATA;
      if(c == '\0') {
        startskipping();
        break;   /* Ignore \0 after CR */
      }
      writebyte();
      break;

    case CURL_TS_DATA:
      if(c == CURL_IAC) {
        tn->telrcv_state = CURL_TS_IAC;
        startskipping();
        break;
      }
      else if(c == '\r')
        tn->telrcv_state = CURL_TS_CR;
      writebyte();
      break;

    case CURL_TS_IAC:
      DEBUGASSERT(startwrite < 0);
      switch(c) {
      case CURL_WILL:
        tn->telrcv_state = CURL_TS_WILL;
        break;
      case CURL_WONT:
        tn->telrcv_state = CURL_TS_WONT;
        break;
      case CURL_DO:
        tn->telrcv_state = CURL_TS_DO;
        break;
      case CURL_DONT:
        tn->telrcv_state = CURL_TS_DONT;
        break;
      case CURL_SB:
        CURL_SB_CLEAR(tn);
        tn->telrcv_state = CURL_TS_SB;
        break;
      case CURL_IAC:
        tn->telrcv_state = CURL_TS_DATA;
        writebyte();
        break;
      case CURL_DM:
      case CURL_NOP:
      case CURL_GA:
      default:
        tn->telrcv_state = CURL_TS_DATA;
        printoption(data, "RCVD", CURL_IAC, c);
        break;
      }
      break;

    case CURL_TS_WILL:
      printoption(data, "RCVD", CURL_WILL, c);
      tn->please_negotiate = 1;
      rec_will(data, tn, c);
      tn->telrcv_state = CURL_TS_DATA;
      break;

    case CURL_TS_WONT:
      printoption(data, "RCVD", CURL_WONT, c);
      tn->please_negotiate = 1;
      rec_wont(data, tn, c);
      tn->telrcv_state = CURL_TS_DATA;
      break;

    case CURL_TS_DO:
      printoption(data, "RCVD", CURL_DO, c);
      tn->please_negotiate = 1;
      rec_do(data, tn, c);
      tn->telrcv_state = CURL_TS_DATA;
      break;

    case CURL_TS_DONT:
      printoption(data, "RCVD", CURL_DONT, c);
      tn->please_negotiate = 1;
      rec_dont(data, tn, c);
      tn->telrcv_state = CURL_TS_DATA;
      break;

    case CURL_TS_SB:
      if(c == CURL_IAC)
        tn->telrcv_state = CURL_TS_SE;
      else
        CURL_SB_ACCUM(tn, c);
      break;

    case CURL_TS_SE:
      if(c != CURL_SE) {
        if(c != CURL_IAC) {
          /*
           * This is an error. We only expect to get "IAC IAC" or "IAC SE".
           * Several things may have happened. An IAC was not doubled, the IAC
           * SE was left off, or another option got inserted into the
           * suboption are all possibilities.
           */
          failf(data, "telnet: suboption error");
          return CURLE_RECV_ERROR;
        }
        CURL_SB_ACCUM(tn, c);
        tn->telrcv_state = CURL_TS_SB;
      }
      else {
        CURL_SB_ACCUM(tn, CURL_IAC);
        CURL_SB_ACCUM(tn, CURL_SE);
        tn->subpointer -= 2;
        CURL_SB_TERM(tn);
        result = suboption(data, tn);   /* handle sub-option */
        if(result)
          return result;
        tn->telrcv_state = CURL_TS_DATA;
      }
      break;
    }
    ++in;
  }
  bufferflush();
  return CURLE_OK;
}

static CURLcode telnet_done(struct Curl_easy *data,
                            CURLcode status, bool premature)
{
  (void)status;
  (void)premature;
  Curl_meta_remove(data, CURL_META_TELNET_EASY);
  return CURLE_OK;
}

static CURLcode telnet_do(struct Curl_easy *data, bool *done)
{
  CURLcode result;
  struct connectdata *conn = data->conn;
  curl_socket_t sockfd = conn->sock[FIRSTSOCKET];
#ifdef USE_WINSOCK
  WSAEVENT event_handle;
  WSANETWORKEVENTS events;
  HANDLE stdin_handle;
  HANDLE objs[2];
  DWORD obj_count;
  DWORD wait_timeout;
  DWORD readfile_read;
  int err;
#else
  timediff_t interval_ms;
  struct pollfd pfd[2];
  int poll_cnt;
  ssize_t snread;
#endif
  bool keepon = TRUE;
  char buffer[4 * 1024];
  struct TELNET *tn;

  *done = TRUE; /* unconditionally */

  result = init_telnet(data);
  if(result)
    return result;

  tn = Curl_meta_get(data, CURL_META_TELNET_EASY);
  if(!tn)
    return CURLE_FAILED_INIT;

  result = check_telnet_options(data, tn);
  if(result)
    return result;

#ifdef USE_WINSOCK
  /* We want to wait for both stdin and the socket. Since
  ** the select() function in Winsock only works on sockets
  ** we have to use the WaitForMultipleObjects() call.
  */

  /* First, create a sockets event object */
  event_handle = WSACreateEvent();
  if(event_handle == WSA_INVALID_EVENT) {
    failf(data, "WSACreateEvent failed (%d)", SOCKERRNO);
    return CURLE_FAILED_INIT;
  }

  /* Tell Winsock what events we want to listen to */
  if(WSAEventSelect(sockfd, event_handle, FD_READ | FD_CLOSE) ==
     SOCKET_ERROR) {
    WSACloseEvent(event_handle);
    return CURLE_RECV_ERROR;
  }

  /* The get the Windows file handle for stdin */
  stdin_handle = GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);

  /* Create the list of objects to wait for */
  objs[0] = event_handle;
  objs[1] = stdin_handle;

  /* If stdin_handle is a pipe, use PeekNamedPipe() method to check it,
     else use the old WaitForMultipleObjects() way */
  if(GetFileType(stdin_handle) == FILE_TYPE_PIPE || data->set.is_fread_set) {
    /* Do not wait for stdin_handle, just wait for event_handle */
    obj_count = 1;
    /* Check stdin_handle per 100 milliseconds */
    wait_timeout = 100;
  }
  else {
    obj_count = 2;
    wait_timeout = 1000;
  }

  /* Keep on listening and act on events */
  while(keepon) {
    const DWORD buf_size = (DWORD)sizeof(buffer);
    DWORD waitret = WaitForMultipleObjects(obj_count, objs,
                                           FALSE, wait_timeout);
    switch(waitret) {

    case WAIT_TIMEOUT: {
      for(;;) {
        if(data->set.is_fread_set) {
          size_t n;
          /* read from user-supplied method */
          n = data->state.fread_func(buffer, 1, buf_size, data->state.in);
          if(n == CURL_READFUNC_ABORT) {
            keepon = FALSE;
            result = CURLE_READ_ERROR;
            break;
          }

          if(n == CURL_READFUNC_PAUSE)
            break;

          if(n == 0)                        /* no bytes */
            break;

          /* fall through with number of bytes read */
          readfile_read = (DWORD)n;
        }
        else {
          /* read from stdin */
          if(!PeekNamedPipe(stdin_handle, NULL, 0, NULL,
                            &readfile_read, NULL)) {
            keepon = FALSE;
            result = CURLE_READ_ERROR;
            break;
          }

          if(!readfile_read)
            break;

          if(!ReadFile(stdin_handle, buffer, buf_size, &readfile_read, NULL)) {
            keepon = FALSE;
            result = CURLE_READ_ERROR;
            break;
          }
        }

        result = send_telnet_data(data, tn, buffer, readfile_read);
        if(result) {
          keepon = FALSE;
          break;
        }
      }
    }
    break;

    case WAIT_OBJECT_0 + 1: {
      if(!ReadFile(stdin_handle, buffer, buf_size, &readfile_read, NULL)) {
        keepon = FALSE;
        result = CURLE_READ_ERROR;
        break;
      }

      result = send_telnet_data(data, tn, buffer, readfile_read);
      if(result) {
        keepon = FALSE;
        break;
      }
    }
    break;

    case WAIT_OBJECT_0: {
      events.lNetworkEvents = 0;
      if(WSAEnumNetworkEvents(sockfd, event_handle, &events) == SOCKET_ERROR) {
        err = SOCKERRNO;
        if(err != SOCKEINPROGRESS) {
          infof(data, "WSAEnumNetworkEvents failed (%d)", err);
          keepon = FALSE;
          result = CURLE_READ_ERROR;
        }
        break;
      }
      if(events.lNetworkEvents & FD_READ) {
        /* read data from network */
        size_t nread;
        result = Curl_xfer_recv(data, buffer, sizeof(buffer), &nread);
        /* read would have blocked. Loop again */
        if(result == CURLE_AGAIN)
          break;
        /* returned not-zero, this an error */
        else if(result) {
          keepon = FALSE;
          break;
        }
        /* returned zero but actually received 0 or less here,
           the server closed the connection and we bail out */
        else if(!nread) {
          keepon = FALSE;
          break;
        }

        result = telrcv(data, tn, (unsigned char *)buffer, nread);
        if(result) {
          keepon = FALSE;
          break;
        }

        /* Negotiate if the peer has started negotiating,
           otherwise do not. We do not want to speak telnet with
           non-telnet servers, like POP or SMTP. */
        if(tn->please_negotiate && !tn->already_negotiated) {
          telnet_negotiate(data, tn);
          tn->already_negotiated = 1;
        }
      }
      if(events.lNetworkEvents & FD_CLOSE) {
        keepon = FALSE;
      }
      break;
    }
    } /* switch */

    if(data->set.timeout) {
      if(curlx_ptimediff_ms(Curl_pgrs_now(data), &conn->created) >=
         data->set.timeout) {
        failf(data, "Time-out");
        result = CURLE_OPERATION_TIMEDOUT;
        keepon = FALSE;
      }
    }
  }

  /* We called WSACreateEvent, so call WSACloseEvent */
  if(!WSACloseEvent(event_handle)) {
    infof(data, "WSACloseEvent failed (%d)", SOCKERRNO);
  }
#else
  pfd[0].fd = sockfd;
  pfd[0].events = POLLIN;

  if(data->set.is_fread_set) {
    poll_cnt = 1;
    interval_ms = 100; /* poll user-supplied read function */
  }
  else {
    /* really using fread, so infile is a FILE* */
    pfd[1].fd = fileno((FILE *)data->state.in);
    pfd[1].events = POLLIN;
    poll_cnt = 2;
    interval_ms = 1 * 1000;
    if(pfd[1].fd < 0) {
      failf(data, "cannot read input");
      result = CURLE_RECV_ERROR;
      keepon = FALSE;
    }
  }

  while(keepon) {
    DEBUGF(infof(data, "telnet_do, poll %d fds", poll_cnt));
    switch(Curl_poll(pfd, (unsigned int)poll_cnt, interval_ms)) {
    case -1:                    /* error, stop reading */
      keepon = FALSE;
      continue;
    case 0:                     /* timeout */
      pfd[0].revents = 0;
      pfd[1].revents = 0;
      FALLTHROUGH();
    default:                    /* read! */
      if(pfd[0].revents & POLLIN) {
        /* read data from network */
        size_t nread;
        result = Curl_xfer_recv(data, buffer, sizeof(buffer), &nread);
        /* read would have blocked. Loop again */
        if(result == CURLE_AGAIN)
          break;
        /* returned not-zero, this an error */
        if(result) {
          keepon = FALSE;
          /* In test 1452, macOS sees a ECONNRESET sometimes? Is this the
           * telnet test server not shutting down the socket in a clean way?
           * Seems to be timing related, happens more on slow debug build */
          if(data->state.os_errno == SOCKECONNRESET) {
            DEBUGF(infof(data, "telnet_do, unexpected ECONNRESET on recv"));
          }
          break;
        }
        /* returned zero but actually received 0 or less here,
           the server closed the connection and we bail out */
        else if(!nread) {
          keepon = FALSE;
          break;
        }

        Curl_pgrs_download_inc(data, nread);
        result = telrcv(data, tn, (unsigned char *)buffer, nread);
        if(result) {
          keepon = FALSE;
          break;
        }

        /* Negotiate if the peer has started negotiating,
           otherwise do not. We do not want to speak telnet with
           non-telnet servers, like POP or SMTP. */
        if(tn->please_negotiate && !tn->already_negotiated) {
          telnet_negotiate(data, tn);
          tn->already_negotiated = 1;
        }
      }

      snread = 0;
      if(poll_cnt == 2) {
        if(pfd[1].revents & POLLIN) { /* read from in file */
          snread = read(pfd[1].fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
        }
      }
      else {
        /* read from user-supplied method */
        snread = (int)data->state.fread_func(buffer, 1, sizeof(buffer),
                                             data->state.in);
        if(snread == CURL_READFUNC_ABORT) {
          keepon = FALSE;
          break;
        }
        if(snread == CURL_READFUNC_PAUSE)
          break;
      }

      if(snread > 0) {
        result = send_telnet_data(data, tn, buffer, snread);
        if(result) {
          keepon = FALSE;
          break;
        }
        Curl_pgrs_upload_inc(data, (size_t)snread);
      }
      else if(snread < 0)
        keepon = FALSE;

      break;
    } /* poll switch statement */

    if(data->set.timeout) {
      if(curlx_ptimediff_ms(Curl_pgrs_now(data), &conn->created) >=
         data->set.timeout) {
        failf(data, "Time-out");
        result = CURLE_OPERATION_TIMEDOUT;
        keepon = FALSE;
      }
    }

    if(!result) {
      result = Curl_pgrsUpdate(data);
      if(result)
        keepon = FALSE;
    }
  }
#endif
  /* mark this as "no further transfer wanted" */
  Curl_xfer_setup_nop(data);

  return result;
}

/*
 * TELNET protocol handler.
 */
static const struct Curl_protocol Curl_protocol_telnet = {
  ZERO_NULL,                            /* setup_connection */
  telnet_do,                            /* do_it */
  telnet_done,                          /* done */
  ZERO_NULL,                            /* do_more */
  ZERO_NULL,                            /* connect_it */
  ZERO_NULL,                            /* connecting */
  ZERO_NULL,                            /* doing */
  ZERO_NULL,                            /* proto_pollset */
  ZERO_NULL,                            /* doing_pollset */
  ZERO_NULL,                            /* domore_pollset */
  ZERO_NULL,                            /* perform_pollset */
  ZERO_NULL,                            /* disconnect */
  ZERO_NULL,                            /* write_resp */
  ZERO_NULL,                            /* write_resp_hd */
  ZERO_NULL,                            /* connection_check */
  ZERO_NULL,                            /* attach connection */
  ZERO_NULL,                            /* follow */
};

#endif /* !CURL_DISABLE_TELNET */

/*
 * TELNET protocol handler.
 */
const struct Curl_scheme Curl_scheme_telnet = {
  "telnet",                             /* scheme */
#ifdef CURL_DISABLE_TELNET
  ZERO_NULL,
#else
  &Curl_protocol_telnet,
#endif
  CURLPROTO_TELNET,                     /* protocol */
  CURLPROTO_TELNET,                     /* family */
  PROTOPT_NONE | PROTOPT_NOURLQUERY,    /* flags */
  PORT_TELNET,                          /* defport */
};
