- use `$()` instead of backticks, and re-arrange double-quotes inside.
- add missing `|| exit 1` to `cd` calls. (could be dropped by using `set -eu`.)
- add `-n` to a few `if`s.
- shorten redirections by using `{} >` (as shellcheck recommended).
- silence warnings where variables were detected as unused (SC2034).
- a couple misc updates to silence warnings.
- switch to bash shebang for `-ot` feature.
- split two lines to unbreak syntax highlighting in my editor. (`$(expr \`, `$(dirname \`)

Also enable CI checks for OS/400 shell scripts.

Ref: #13307
Closes #13309